(NOTE: The corresponding Microsoft Word document shows a picture of the PowerPoint slide and includes blank lines to the right of each slide for the participants to take notes.) 

Slide 1: Module 3: Reasonable Accommodations

Slide 2: Module Goals: 1. To understand the concept of reasonable accommodation, its process, and the circumstances under which it is required. 2. To learn how to problem-solve situations where reasonable accommodation might be necessary in the workplace

Slide 3: Definition of Disability: An individual with a disability is one who: * has, * has a record of, or, * is regarded as having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity. 

Slide 4: Definition of Disability (continued) - An individual with a disability is one who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity. 

Slide 5: Major Life Activities: These are basic activities that the average person in the general population can perform with little or no difficulty: Caring for Oneself, Performing Manual Tasks, Walking, Seeing, Hearing, Speaking, Breathing, Concentrating, Learning, Working, Sitting, Standing, Lifting

Slide 6: Answers to the Quiz: A-7, B-4, C-8, D-6, E-10, F-5, G-2, H-11, I-9, J-3, K-1. 

Slide 7: Qualified Individual with a Disability: A qualified person with a disability means one who satisfies the requisite skill, experience, education, and other job-related requirements of the position such individual holds or desires, and who…

Slide 8: With or without reasonable accommodation can perform the essential functions of such a position. 

Slide 9: What makes a job task essential? 1. If the position exists to perform the function. 2. If there are a limited number of employees among whom the task can be distributed. 3. If the function is highly specialized

Slide 10: Evidence of Essential Functions: 1. Employer's judgment as to which functions are essential. 2. Written job descriptions prepared before advertising or interviewing applicants. 3. Amount of time spent performing the function

Slide 11: Evidence of Essential Functions (continued): 1. Consequences of not performing the function. 2. The terms of a collective bargaining agreement. 3. Work experience of past incumbents on the job. 4. Current work experience of incumbents in similar jobs

Slide 12: Accommodations are: Any changes in the work setting that enable qualified workers to accomplish their tasks.

Slide 13: Scope of Reasonable Accommodation: 1. Modification to the job application process. 2. Modification to the work environment or the manner in which the position held is customarily performed. 3. Modification that enables an employee with a disability to enjoy equal benefits and privileges of employment

Slide 14: Accommodations are dependent upon: 1. The specific requirements of the job. 2. The particular need(s) of the employee or applicant. 3. The extent to which modifications or aids are available without causing an undue hardship on the employing organization

Slide 15: Possible Areas of Functional Limitations: Reading, Writing, Mathematics, Organizational Skills, Memory, Time Management, and Managing the Physical Environment 

Slide 16: Possible Areas of Functional Limitations (continued): Working at Full Productivity, Maintaining Stamina, Working Effectively with Supervisors, Interacting with Coworkers

Slide 17: Possible Areas of Functional Limitations (continued): Handling Stress and Emotions, Concentrating on Work Details, Completing Projects and Meeting Deadlines, Maintaining Tasks/Sequences and Maintaining Daily Information

Slide 18: Categorizing Accommodations: Physical Modification, Managerial Action, Provision of Services

Slide 19: Examples of Reasonable Accommodation: 1. Making existing facilities used by employees readily accessible and usable by individuals with disabilities. 2. Job restructuring. 3. Part-time or modified work schedules

Slide 20: Examples of Reasonable Accommodation (continued): 1. Adjustment or modifications of examinations, training materials, or policies. 2. Providing qualified readers or interpreters. 3. Reassignment to vacant positions

Slide 21:The Job Accommodation Network is: An information and consultation service providing individualized accommodation solutions via a website and an 800 number. JAN’s purpose is to make it possible for employers and others to share information about job accommodations.

Slide 22: Average Cost of Job Accommodations: 20% of all accommodations suggested had no cost. 51% cost between $1 and $500. 11% cost between $501 and $1,000. 3% cost between $1,001 and $1,500. 3% cost between $1,501 and $2,000. 8% cost between $2,001 and $5,000. – 4% cost more than $5,000. (Source: Job Accommodation Network Survey)1

Slide 23: Determining Reasonable Accommodation: 1. Determine the essential functions of the job. 2. Consult with the employee to determine his or her abilities and specific needs. 3. Identify potential accommodations in consultation with the individual. 4. If two or more possible accommodations exist, consider the preference of the individual, and then select the method that best serves both the individual and the business

Slide 24: This PowerPoint slide shows a blank crossword puzzle with four vertical columns intersecting four horizontal columns. It does not look like a typical crossword puzzle; rather it looks like one big square divided into 16 smaller squares. To fill in the puzzle, the clues for the across squares are: (1) Mosquitoes do it, (2) Dogs do it, (3) Horses do it, and (4) Children do it. The clues for the down squares are: (1) Insects that sting, (2) Organs of vision, (3) Big brothers do it to little sisters, and (4) Without effort. 

Slide 25: This PowerPoint slide shows the completed crossword puzzle. It includes the same clues as a reminder. The clues for the across squares are: (1) Mosquitoes do it, (2) Dogs do it, (3) Horses do it, and (4) Children do it. The clues for the down squares are: (1) Insects that sting, (2) Organs of vision, (3) Big brothers do it to little sisters, and (4) Without effort. Each horizontal row spells out the same word, “BITE.” To this effect, the first vertical row contains four Bs, the second row contains four Is, the third four Ts, and the fourth four Es. 

Slide 26: Juanita is a 32-year-old Postal Worker who communicates through handwritten notes, gestures and partial lip reading. She is in line for a promotion to the position of Time and Attendance Clerk. In the past, the person who was the Time and Attendance Clerk answered the telephone as a back up to the regular receptionist in addition to other duties. Juanita's supervisor is concerned about her ability to do the job and is considering denying Juanita this promotion because of his concerns.

Slide 27: Saundra, who is applying for a position as a Data Process Entry Clerk, requires a sign language interpreter for the interview. The supervisor has some concerns that the company will need to hire a full-time interpreter for the employee to successfully perform her job duties.

Slide 28: Laverne works in a formal, corporate office. The office staff communicates with each other through the use of an office intercom. Laverne is hard of hearing and finds the intercom difficult to use. She continually chooses not to use the office intercom to talk to her supervisor, as requested. Instead, she frequently poses questions to him in a loud boisterous voice that is an irritating disruption for her co-workers and supervisor.

Slide 29: Roberto, who uses a wheelchair, has just been hired by an accounting firm. His office is accessible but the conference room where all the staff meetings and trainings are held is not accessible.

Slide 30: Shirley uses a wheelchair and desires a job in the field of video and film. Shirley has several years of experience, but the only available position is entry-level labeling and packaging film cartridges. She feels this position is beneath her capabilities.

Slide 31: Brian uses a wheelchair. His Mail/Messenger job also includes major photocopying jobs. He is unable to reach the selection button mounted on the rear of the photocopier.

Slide 32: Jonathan, a Chef, is a paraplegic and uses a wheelchair needs to access several different areas in the restaurant kitchen. His co-workers prefer to continue standing as they cook. 

Slide 33: Joe has a significant speech and articulation problem. His speech is considered unintelligible at times; he stutters and has many involuntary facial movements. Joe's supervisor is very patient and understanding, but shares the concern of others about the extra amount of time required of her and co-workers to understand and direct Joe.

Slide 34: An employer is interested in hiring Adam as a Paralegal. As a Paralegal, Adam would be responsible for conducting background research on various legal issues. Adam would also edit his supervising attorney’s cases, interview potential plaintiffs, and draft legal briefs. Adam has had experience doing this type of work in two previous positions. He is blind and the employer is concerned about how he could perform these tasks.

Slide 35: Jeanette is a Radio Broadcast Announcer. She is blind and needs to read the Associated Press wire news which she receives over the phone lines connected to a printer. 

Slide 36: Maya has multiple sclerosis and is extremely sensitive to heat. When she requests that the office thermostat be adjusted to meet her needs, her colleagues explain that they will be very cold.  The company is unable to provide her with a private office.

Slide 37: Mohammed has held his position as Manager of the Communications Department for five years. His boss notices that he has become withdrawn in meetings, his work is late and he appears preoccupied while discussing business matters. When his supervisor shares his concerns, Mohammed explains that his doctor recently diagnosed Mohammed with depression.

Slide 38: Mark experiences a stress disorder and becomes easily overwhelmed. His company recently received a large work order and everyone is working under deadline to fill the order.

Slide 39: Susie is applying for a job as a Stock Clerk. Part of the application process involves taking a multiple-choice test. Susie meets all of the qualifications for this job. However, she has a learning disability and has difficulty taking written tests. 

Slide 40: William has a variety of tasks to perform at the plant nursery where he works. His duties consist of sweeping the floors, dusting the shelves, restocking, watering the plants and collecting and restocking the carts from the parking lot. He often forgets to do some of his tasks.

Slide 41: Bob has Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. He is easily distracted on the job site and has a history of frequently engaging in loud, inappropriate conversation. Bob's work area faces a busy walkway into the office. Due to lack of office space and other factors, Bob can not move to another cubicle. 

Slide 42: Tovah has mild mental retardation. She has the basic skills necessary for the job of Administrative Assistant, likes the work and shows potential. When she finishes one task, however, she tends to stand in one place and look around, unsure of what to do next. One of her co-workers has noticed this and will periodically give her small assignments to keep her busy.

Slide 43: Chen's job mandates a higher production rate than he is currently achieving. He was hired with the understanding and intention that his production rate would increase over a three-month period. After several weeks, however, Chen is still performing below the mandated production rate for the position, and errors are increasing.

Slide 44: Jane has a learning disability, but her supervisor thinks that she has the skills to succeed. Lately, however, Jane has had problems with dressing inappropriately and making personal telephone calls during work. Her supervisor has discussed these problems with Jane and she made some improvements in her dress, although she still wears inappropriate shoes. Jane also continues making personal calls during work time. The supervisor admits that they do not have a formal company policy, but insists that Jane only use the phone during her breaks. Jane expresses her confusion, as she sees her co-workers making and receiving personal calls during work time.

Slide 45: Given a specific mailing job duty that occurred only once a week, Rayford has difficulty remembering all the steps involved with the process. His supervisor is tired of having to repeat the directions each week.

Slide 46: A Job Coach had been on the job site with Connie for two weeks, giving constant support to the supervisor and to Connie. The entire office was supportive of Connie and responded well to the Job Coach. It is now time for the Job Coach to reduce her time from the job site and let the supervisor assume more of a support role for Connie. The Job Coach senses panic from the supervisor and receives several calls each day with complaints like "Connie just walked into our boss's office and sat down at his desk."

Slide 47: Sally, who has a developmental disability, works at a warehouse. For two weeks, Sally’s Manager trained her and directed her when to take a lunch break. At the end of the second week, the Manager was transferred. On that same day, her new manager did not direct her to take a break and so she worked six hours without a lunch break. Sally is very concerned that she may never be given an opportunity to take lunch breaks.

Slide 48: Rebecca, who has a spinal cord injury, loves her job, her co-workers and her supervisor. Recently, however, she has had difficulty making it to work on time and has been missing days due to problems with childcare.

Slide 49: Undue Hardship: Significant Difficulty or Expense 

Slide 50: Examples of Accommodations that are NOT REASONABLE: 1. Placing an applicant with a disability in a job for which he/she did not specifically apply. 2. Placing an individual with a disability into a job if doing so would create a direct threat to the health or safety of the individual or others. 3. Maintaining the salary of an employee reassigned from a higher-paying job to a lower-paying job, if the employer does not do so for other employees

Slide 51: Examples of Accommodations that are NOT REASONABLE (continued): 1. Eliminating essential functions of the job. 2. Lowering production standards. 3. Providing personal use items (e.g. prosthetic limb, eyeglasses, hearing aids, wheelchair, hot pot or refrigerator). 4. Creating a job. 5. Promoting an employee. 6. Bumping another employee from his/her job